Agarlebih paham lagi, ayo coba latihan quiz dari tenses present continuous dibawah ini. Contoh soal tenses beserta jawabannya 1. s/es khusus untuk subjek orang ketiga tunggal (he, she, it) adapun penggunaan dari simpe present tense adalah sebagai berikut; Subject + v i (kata kerja bentuk i) + s/es. Berikutkunci jawaban soal latihan present perfect continuous tense. TEST 1 1. Nadia has been living in Seoul since 2015. 2. Tara has been studying algebra for days, but he still doesn't understand it. 3. I haven't been writing my new novel for 9 months. Because I have to finish my report first. 4. b2ecnpH.   Soal present perfect continuous tense dan pembahasan lengkap. Dalam belajar bahasa Inggris, siapa yang paling banyak berlatih, dialah yang bisa cepat paham dan menguasai    Untuk itu, soal-soal bahasa Inggris kali ini merupakan soal-soal Model soal disesuaikan dengan soal-soal bahasa Inggris untuk TOEFL, IELTS, untuk tes bahasa Inggris STAN, CPNS, Akmil, dan lain   Soal latihan kali ini terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu soal multiple choice atau pilihan ganda dan juga soal essay. Tentunya, soalnya beragam dan bervariasi model dan Soal Present Perfect Continuous Tense dan Pembahasan LengkapSoal Present Perfect Continuous Tense dan Pembahasan LengkapSoal Present Perfect Continuous Tense  Pada artikel kali ini akan diberikan beragam latihan soal present perfect continuous tense. Selain itu, juga diberikan jawaban dan pembahasan komplitnya, serta materi singkat yang akan membantu dalam menjawab. Untuk materi lengkapnya bisa dilihat pada link yang Materi Sebelum Latihan Soal  Present perfect continuous tense adalah jenis tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan/ mengungkapkan baik lisan maupun tulisan mengenai kejadian/ peristiwa/ hal-hal yang telah sedang terjadi dalam latar waktu "saat ini".   Bentuk kalimat ini merupakan gabungan dari bentuk perfect dan continuous. Bisa ditandai pada penggunaan modal have/has, V3 been, dan kata kerja bentuk -ing. Oleh karena itu kalau diartikan dan dimaknai akan terasa sedikit aneh dan terkesan   Strukturnya tergantung pada jenis kalimatnya, nominal ataupun verbal. Selain itu, juga bergantung pada jenisnya, berupa kalimat positif, negatif, maupun dan Struktur Kalimat   Untuk mempermudah dalam pengerjaan soal, berikut ini merupakan ringkasan rumus present perfect continuous tense baik verbal maupun Rumus kalimat verbal + S + have/has + been + Ving + O/C- S + have/has + not + been + Ving + O/C? Have/Has + S + been + Ving + O/C + ?? QW + have/has + S + been + Ving + O/C + ?2. Rumus kalimat nominal+ S + have/has + been + being + ANA- S + have/has + not + been + being + ANA? Have/Has + S + been + being + ANA + ?? QW + have/has + S + been + being + ANA + ?Penanda Kalimat  Dalam menjawab soal mengenai tenses, diperlukan ketelitian dalam setiap unsur kalimat yang ada. Karena hal itu dapat membantu identifikasi tenses dengan cepat, seperti time signal, dll. Berikut ini time signal present perfect continuous tense dan penanda       Just now                              Lately       Several days/weeks/months/etcFor + lama waktuSince + lampau/simple past tenseLatihan Soal Present Perfect Continuous Tense  Soal berikut terdiri dari bagian A dan bagian B. Bagian A adalah soal pilihan ganda/multiple choice dan bagian B adalah soal essay berupa error recognition. Silakan mencoba menjawab terlebih dahulu. Semoga Mengerjakan !A. Soal Pilihan Ganda Petunjuk Pilihlah jawaban yang paling tepat !1. My brother ... games on his phone all day has been play c. has been playingb. have been playing d. have been play2. Ita ... this clothe since a month has been knitting c. have been knittingb. has been knit d. have been knit3. Rudy and Jack ... English together since this have been study c. have been studiedb. have been studying d. has been studying4. My pet ... under my table for 2 have been hiding c. has been being hidingb. have been hide d. has been hiding5. We ... breakfast since he was have been having c. have been hasb. have been have d. have have been6. Ramos ... anything since he was at has not been do c. hasn't been doingb. has not be doing d. have not been doing7. ... been laying in your bed recently ?a. Have you c. You haveb. Has you d. Are you8. I ... late too much have be waking up c. hasn't been waking upb. has been waking up d. have been waking up9. ... been doing lately ?a. What you have c. What have youb. What are you d. Have what you10. ... been reading some new articles from don-engish I have c. I hasb. I had d. I am11. This day ... heavily since yesterday has been rain c. has been rainingb. have been raining d. has rain12. The worker has ... my family's room for three be painting c. been paintedb. been painting d. been paint13. Have you ... this car for 5 hours ?a. been repair c. been repairedb. be repairing d. been repairing14. ... waiting for your coming for 2 I have c. I hadb. I've been d. I've be15. I have been ... help since I was here but there is no asking for c. being ask forb. ask for d. asked forB. Soal Essay error recognitionPetunjuk Tentukan mana yang salah dan perbaiki ! jawaban bisa lebih dari 116. Anita havea been stayingb in my apartment since her father workedc in They havea been pushingb their car since they wasc from their 18. Hasa your little brother beb asking his mother to buyc some toys ?19. We hasn'ta been workingb in the company since 3 yearc I hasa been livingb in this city since I studiedc Angel hasn'ta been attendb Math's class since the teacher punishedc Hasa Anto beb persuading his friend to buy him some snacksc since this Havea you been beenb a teacher since you graduatedc from your school ? 24. Havea you been askingb me what I have doingc since you were here ?25. What havea you been eatb for your lunchc since yesterday ?Jawaban dan Pembahasan Soal  Bagaimana friend ? sulit ? mudah atau biasa saja ? Berikut ini merupakan jawaban sekaligus pembahasan lengkapnya. Yang belum tahu supaya tahu dan yang sudah tahu supaya tambah tahu. Check it out !A. Pembahasan soal pilihan ganda1. Jawaban c. has been playing   Perhatikan pilihan jawaban, semua menggunakan pola yang hampir mirip ditambah lagi menggunakan time signal all day long.    Subjek my brother merupakan subjek tunggal atau singular subject sehingga membutuhkan pasangan predikat tunggal has, maka tiggal disesuaikan dengan rumus, yaitu has + been + Ving/"playing".2. Jawaban a. has been knittingMenggunakan time signal since + waktu lampau serta subjek Ita merupakan subjek tunggal sehingga harus dipasangkan dengan has.    Karena pada pilihan, setalah has adalah been maka sudah pasti setelahnya adalah Ving, yaitu knitting.3. Jawaban b. have been studyingLihat pilihan jawaban, semua berpola have/has + been, maka kita tinggal memadukan subjeknya. Rudy and Jack merupakan subjek jamak karena dihubungkan dengan and sehingga sudah pasti menggunakan have. Kemudian, kalimat menghendaki verbal dan aktif, sehingga setelah been harus Ving.4. Jawaban d. has been hidingTime signal for 2 hours dan subjek tunggal my pet. Tinggal pilih pada pilihan jawaban yang menunjukkan predikat tunggal, yaitu has been. Sudah pasti jawabannya d, karena jawaban c menunjukkan pola yang Jawaban a. have been havingTime signal since + past dan subjek jamak we. Berdasarkan pilihan jawaban, maka tinggal memikirkan kata setelah have been, yaitu yang berbentuk -ing hanya having. Untuk pilihan lain salah pada struktur dan Jawaban c. hasn't been doingSubjek yang digunakan adalah Ramos yang merupakan subjek tunggal maka pastikan predikatnya juga tunggal, sehingga pilih yang has.    Kemudian, setalah has jika kalimat negatif ada not atau biasa disingkat hasn't. Setalh itu, tinggal pilih jawaban yang sesuai dengan rumus, yaitu jawaban 7. Jawaban a. Have youTerdapat tanda ? dan time signal recently dengan subjeknya you. Karena subjeknya jamak maka pasti menggunakan have, berdasarkan pola kalimat tanya, maka yang benar adalah Jawaban d. have been waking upSubjek I pasti dipasangkan dengan predikat jamak, maka tinggal pilih yang have. Berdasarkan rumus, setelah have pasti V3 atau been, jadi pilihan yang tepat adalah Jawaban c. What have you Berupa kalimat tanya verbal dengan kata kerja doing dan time signal lately. Pilihan jawaban menggunakan question word what, tinggal dicocokkan dengan rumus kalimat tanya dengan QW, yaitu c. Untuk pilihan a salah karena merupakan Jawaban a. I haveTerdapat tanda been reading dan lately, maka sudah pasti menggunakan have/has. Karena subjek yang dikehandaki adalah I maka pilihan yang tepat adalah I have.11. Jawaban c. has been rainingThis day merupakan subjek tunggal dan since yesterday night menandakan keterangan waktu. Pilih predikat yang tunggal has, setelah itu tinggal mencocokkan pola kalimatnya, yaitu setelah has pasti V3/been kemudian baru Ving, sehingga pilihan yang tepat adalah 12. Jawaban b. been paintingUntuk soal ini sangat mudah tinggal mencocokkan dengan pola yang benar. Tapi, perlu diketahui bahwa jawaban b dan c itu berbeda. Jawaban b adalah bentuk aktif verbal dari perfect continuous dan c merupakan bentuk pasif perfect, maka jelas jawabannya adalah Jawaban d. been repairing   Kalimat verbal interogatif, maka perhatikan soal dan jawaban. Pada jawaban pilih yang menggunakan been karena setalah have pasti V3/    Maknai maksud soal, aktif atau pasif, karena subjek berupa you dan objeknya this car pasti bermakna aktif, sehingga setelah been berupa Ving repairing.14. Jawaban b. I've been   Kalimat verbal positif dengan time signal for 2 years. Predikat yang terlihat adalah waiting, tinggal mencocokkan    Jika ada Ving maka sebelumnya pasti been atau tinggal mencocokkan dengan polanya. a dan c salah karena setalah have bisa noun atau V3, d salah karena setelah modal have harus V3/ Jawaban a. asking forDi soal sudah jelas ada I have been maka tinggal melanjutkan pola itu, b salah karena menggunakan V1, c salah karena ask adalah verb jadi tidak perlu being, d salah karena berbentuk past. Sehingga sudah jelas jawabannya Pembahasan soal essay16. Jawaban a. have seharusnya has  Tinggal lihat subjeknya adalah nama orang Anita maka sudah pasti menggunakan has.17. Jawaban c. was seharusnya were  Subjeknya adalah they yang merupakan jamak maka sudah pasti dipasangkan dengan predikat jamak. Pola perfect continuous + since + past tense   Karena terletak setalah kata since yang berarti menjadi keterangan waktu tenses sebelumnya, maka sudah pasti tense yang dipakai lebih lampau dari tense sebelumnya, yaitu menggunakan simple Jawaban b. be seharunya been  a sudah benar karena subjek berupa your little brother maka sudah pasti tunggal. c sudah benar karena setelah to pasti harus V1. Jadi jawabannya Jawaban a. hasn't seharusnya haven't dan c. year seharusnya years  Subjeknya we pasti pasangannya have dan karena 3 tahun maka year nya jamak menjadi years. Untuk working sudah benar karena berbentuk Ving dan berada setelah Jawaban a. has seharusnya have  Subjek yang diapakai adalah I maka sudah jelas dipasngkan dengan have. Untuk pilihan b dan c sudah benar berdasarkan rumus dan pola kalimat yang menjadi Jawaban b. attend seharusnya attendinga. sudah benar karena subjeknya Angel merupakan subjek tunggal. c. sudah benar karena setelah since merupakan simple past sehingga menggunakan 22. Jawaban b. be seharunya beenKalimat yang dikehendaki adlah kalimat interogatif, maka berdasarkan rumus kalimat tanya setelah subjek adalah Jawaban b. been seharunya beingSama seperti sebelumnya, berbentuk kalimat tanya, namun berbentuk kalimat nominal sehingga setalah been seharunya Jawaban c. doing seharusnya doneSoal ini perlu diartikan terlebih dahulu. Namun, bias diakali dengan, jika pilihan a sudah pati benar karena subjek utama adalah you, jika pilihan b juga benar karena berdasarkan rumus setalah been adalah Ving/being. Maka sduah pasti jawabannya c. karena setalah have/has pasti V3 done.25. Jawaban b. eat seharunya eatingJawaban a sudah benar karena QW dulu baru have karena subjeknya you. Berdasarkan rumus kalimat tanya, maka jawaban yang benar adalah setalah been adalah Ving eating. Penutup Artikel  Latihan soal present perfect continuous tense dengan pembahasan lengkapnya ini, semoga banyak membantu dan memberikan referensi belajar bagi para pembaca sekalian. Untuk soal-soal dan materi lain bisa dilihat banyak sekali di laman don-english. Bye-bye ! 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ESL Present Perfect Continuous Worksheet - Grammar Exercises Matching, Binary Choice, Sentence Completion, Writing Sentences from Prompts - Intermediate B1 - 30 minutes In this useful present perfect continuous worksheet, students review the uses of the present perfect continuous tense and identify how it is different from the present perfect simple. Students start by matching sentence halves together to make present perfect continuous sentences. Next, students read a set of sentences and underline the correct perfect tense in each one. Students then complete a grammar explanation on the difference between the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous based on what they've learned. After that, students use verbs from a box to write present perfect continuous sentences to explain the present conditions expressed in the prompts. Finally, students use prompts to write what each person usually does versus what they have been doing recently. In this exercise, students practice using the present perfect continuous to express a recent or temporary change in someone's routine. Have you been...? ESL Present Perfect Continuous Activity - Grammar and Speaking Writing Short Answers, Asking and Answering Questions, Freer and Communicative Practice - Pair Work - Intermediate B1 - 30 minutes In this present perfect continuous speaking activity, students practice asking and answering Have you been questions. Students begin by writing short answers for the items on the worksheet in a random order in speech bubbles. Next, students swap worksheets with a partner. Students then take it in turns to choose an answer from one of their partner's speech bubbles and ask present perfect continuous Have you been...? questions to find out what the answer refers to. For example, if a student wrote the answer 'seven o'clock' in one of the speech bubbles, their partner might ask 'Have you been waking up at seven o'clock recently?' The student replies 'Yes, I have' or 'No, I haven't' accordingly. When a partner asks the right question, the student explains their answer, 'Yes, I have. I've been waking up at seven o'clock because I go jogging in the park before school, etc...' After the student has explained the answer and it's been discussed, their partner puts a tick next to the bubble and the students swap roles. What have I been doing? ESL Present Perfect Continuous Game - Grammar and Speaking Miming, Guessing, Forming Sentences - Group Work - Intermediate B1 - 30 minutes In this free present perfect continuous game, students take it in turns to do a mime and other students guess what the person has been doing. A student from Team A comes to the front of the class. The student asks the class, “What have I been doing?” The student then has two minutes to mime a sentence on a card to their team. During these two minutes, the members of Team A can ask the student questions about what they have been doing to which the student can nod yes or no. If Team A guesses the sentence in the allotted time, they score two points. If they don’t guess the sentence or time runs out, it is Team B's turn to answer. If Team B guesses correctly, they score one point. A student from Team B then comes to the front of the class and the game continues in the same way. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins. What have they been doing? ESL Present Perfect Continuous Activity - Grammar and Speaking Asking and Answering Questions, Forming Sentences - Pair Work - Intermediate B1 - 20 minutes In this engaging present perfect continuous speaking activity, students use picture cards to ask and answer questions in the present perfect continuous tense. Students take it in turns to pick up a picture card, show it to their partner and ask what the person or people in the picture have been doing, 'What has he been doing?' Their partner then answers the question by making a sentence in the present perfect continuous, 'He has been reading a book.' Students continue taking it in turns to ask and answer questions in the present perfect continuous until all the picture cards have been used. What have you been doing recently? ESL Present Perfect Continuous Survey - Speaking Activity Asking and Answering Questions from Prompts, Freer Practice - Intermediate B1 - 30 minutes In this insightful present perfect continuous activity, students conduct a survey on recent activities and actions to practice the tense. This activity also helps to teach students about time expressions used with the present perfect continuous. Students begin by going through the items on the worksheet and preparing present perfect continuous questions for the survey. Students then move around the classroom asking and answering questions about their recent activities and actions, 'Have you been working hard recently?' When a classmate answers 'Yes, I have' to a question, the other student writes down their name and asks a follow-up question or two. Students then move on to speak to someone else. When everyone has finished, students give feedback by sharing and discussing any interesting findings with the class. Are you lying to me? ESL Present Perfect Continuous Board Game - Speaking and Grammar True or False, Impromptu Speech, Guessing, Communicative Practice - Group Work - Upper-intermediate B2 - 30 minutes In this fun present perfect continuous board game, students give true or false information about themselves using the present perfect continuous tense. Players take it in turns to roll the dice and move their counter along the board. When a player lands on a square, they pick up a true or false card. The player then talks about the topic on the square using the present perfect continuous tense, giving either true or false information as indicated on the card. When the player has finished talking, the other students guess whether the player's answer is true or false. The player then reveals the answer. The students who guessed correctly each score one point. When a player reaches the finish, the game ends and students add up their points. The student with the most points wins the game. Early Release ESL Present Perfect Continuous Activity - Grammar and Speaking Information Gap, Asking and Answering Questions, Freer and Communicative Practice - Pair Work - Upper-intermediate B2 - 20 minutes In this present perfect continuous information gap activity, students find out what useful acts prisoners have been doing and decide who should be released early. Read through the prison scenario with the students. In two groups, students then complete sentences describing the useful things the prisoners have been doing using verbs in the present perfect continuous, 'Gino has been cutting the prison lawns six times a week'. Next, students pair up with someone from the other group. Students then complete the missing information in their chart by asking their partner present perfect continuous questions to find out what useful acts the other prisoners have been doing, 'What has Pablo been doing?' When both students have completed the chart, they decide which prisoner they think deserves to be released early. What do you think they have been doing? ESL Present Perfect Continuous Role-Play - Grammar and Speaking Activity Asking and Answering Questions, Sentence Completion, Controlled Practice - Group Work - Upper-intermediate B2 - 25 minutes In this free present perfect continuous activity, students take on a character role and ask questions to find out what other people have been doing. In groups, students take on the role of the person on their character card and find out what the other people in their group have been doing by asking questions and completing a chart with the information. In order to complete the chart, students must use the present perfect continuous and ask a total of four questions. Students go around their group asking and answering the questions and noting down the information in their chart. When the students have finished, they look at the information and guess what each person has been doing. Students then complete sentences with their answers using the present perfect continuous. What have you been up to? ESL Present Perfect Continuous Activity - Grammar and Speaking Asking and Answering Questions from Prompts, Small Talk, Communicative Practice - Pair Work - Upper-intermediate B2 - 30 minutes This communicative present perfect continuous activity helps students develop their small talk conversation skills and practice the present perfect continuous tense. In pairs, one student starts the conversation by saying 'Hi..., what have you been up to?' The other student then picks up a card, reads the prompt and replies using the present perfect continuous, 'I've been busy searching for a new apartment'. The other student then shows interest and asks appropriate follow-up questions to keep the conversation going. When the conversation is over, students swap roles and make a new conversation with the next card and so on. Afterwards, pairs take it in turns to act out one of their small talk conversations in front of the class. You are here Home > Grammar > Present Perfect Continuous HomeGrammarActive vs. Passive VoiceAdverbial ClausesAdverbial PhrasesBe Going To StatementsBe Going To Wh QuestionsBe Going To Yes/No QuestionsBe Going To & Present ContinuousComparativesSuperlativesComparatives & SuperlativesZero ConditionalFirst ConditionalSecond ConditionalThird ConditionalMixed ConditionalsFuture ContinuousFuture Continuous vs. Future PerfectFuture Perfect ContinuousFuture Perfect SimpleFuture SimpleFuture Time ClausesMixed Future TensesGerunds & InfinitivesHave got & Has gotI wish & If onlyImperativesIrregular VerbsNarrative TensesNoun ClausesNoun PhrasesPassive VoicePast ContinuousPast PerfectPast Perfect ContinuousPast Perfect Simple & ContinuousPast Simple Affirmative & NegativePast Simple PassivePast Simple Regular VerbsPast Simple vs. Past ContinuousPast Simple Was and WerePast Simple Wh QuestionsPast Simple Yes/No QuestionsPast Tense ReviewPresent ContinuousPresent PerfectPresent Perfect - Ever and NeverPresent Perfect - 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Beatrice for half an hour.[Beatrice lit depuis une demi-heure.]Action commencée dans le passé qui dure jusqu’au moment présent → present perfect progressive Laura five letters.[Laura a écrit cinq lettres.]Résultat présent d’une action passée résultat = cinq lettres sont maintenant écrites → present perfect simple I on this project for less than an hour, soI still all the documents.[Cela ne fait même pas une heure que je travaille à ce projet, je n’ai donc pas encore préparé tous les documents.]1er espace Action commencée dans le passé qui dure jusqu’au moment présent → present perfect progressive2e espace Résultat présent d’une action passée → present perfect simple Ralph is so tired because he for 26 hours.[Ralph est fatigué parce qu’il n’a pas dormi depuis 26 heures.]Forme négative depuis combien de temps quelque chose ne s’est pas produit → present perfect simple Complète les phrases en conjuguant les verbes au present perfect simple ou progressive. I study all day, butI am afraid I learn/not much.[J’ai révisé toute la journée mais j’ai peur de ne pas avoir appris grand-chose.]1er espace Accent mis sur le déroulement, la durée de l’action → present perfect progressive2e espace Résultat présent d’une action passée → present perfect simple Andrew eat two bars of chocolate today.[Andrew a mangé deux tablettes de chocolat ajourd’hui.]Résultat présent d’une action passée today = la journée n’est pas encore finie → present perfect simple The boy’s clothes are dirty because he play in the mud.[Les vêtements du garçon sont sales parce qu’il a joué dans la boue.]Mise en valeur des conséquences d’une action passée sur le moment présent → present perfect progressive I arrive/just at the station.[Je viens d’arriver à la gare.]Événement récent, qui vient de se produire → present perfect simple We are exhausted because we do exercise all morning.[Nous sommes fatigués parce que nous avons fait du sport toute la matinée.]Mise en valeur des conséquences d’une action passée sur le moment présent + mise en valeur de la durée de l’action → present perfect progressive Edward feels a bit unsteady because he cycle/not for five years.[Edward ne se sent pas très sûr de lui, car il n’a pas fait de vélo depuis cinq ans.]Forme négative depuis combien de temps quelque chose ne s’est pas produit → present perfect simple How long you/work for this company?[Depuis combien de temps travailles-tu pour cette entreprise ?]Action commencée dans le passé qui dure jusqu’au moment présent → present perfect progressive The kids finish/not their homework yet.[Les enfants n’ont pas encore terminé leurs devoirs.]Résultat présent d’une action passée → present perfect simple Niall watch the film seven times.[Niall a déjà vu le film sept fois.]Bilan des actions qui ont été effectuées ou non jusqu’au moment où l’on parle → present perfect simple Exercices en ligne pour apprendre l’anglais Faire des progrès en anglais devient bien plus simple et amusant avec les exercices interactifs de Lingolia. Chaque leçon de grammaire est accompagnée d’un exercice en libre accès pour réviser les basiques ainsi que de nombreux exercices classés par niveau pour les utilisateurs ayant un compte Lingolia Plus. Les corrections sont assorties d'explications et de conseils pour comprendre la réponse correcte. Present perfect simple/continu – Exercice en libre accès Present perfect simple/progressive – exercices généraux Lingolia Plus Anglais Accède à tous les exercices de grammaire anglaise avec un compte Lingolia Plus. 983 exercices de grammaire classés par thèmes et niveaux de difficulté A1–C1 et un espace personnel avec suivi de tes progrès et récompenses Je veux un compte Lingolia Plus Present Perfect Simple/Progressive – Exercices Lingolia Plus Present Perfect Simple/Progressive – review B1 Present Perfect Simple/Progressive – positive 1 B2 Present Perfect Simple/Progressive – positive 2 B2 Present Perfect Simple/Progressive – negative B2 Present Perfect Simple/Progressive – questions 1 B2 Present Perfect Simple/Progressive – questions 2 B2 Present Perfect Simple/Progressive – questions 3 B2 Present Perfect Simple/Progressive – mixed B2 Present Perfect Simple/Progressive – completed or in progress? B2 Present Perfect Simple/Progressive – non-progressive verbs B2 Present Perfect Simple/Progressive – verbs with another meaning B2 Present Perfect Simple/Progressive – Mixed Sentences B2 A1débutant A2élémentaire B1intermédiaire B2intermédiaire supérieur C1avancé